Transforming Tutorials: The Impact of AI in University Education

Integrating ChatGPT into Tutorial Sessions to Enhance Critical Thinking in University Students

Introduction

• Presenters:
  • Sandra Morales: Digital Education Advisor at the Center for Teaching and Learning, Oxford University.
  • Co-Presenter: A colleague also working at Oxford University.
• Session Overview:
  • Context of tutorials at Oxford University.
  • Experience using AI in psychology tutorials.
  • Recommendations for integrating AI.
  • Time for questions if available.

Context of Tutorials at Oxford University

• Tutorial Structure:
  • Small group teaching sessions with one tutor and 1-3 students.
  • Tutors encourage analytical and critical thinking to deepen subject knowledge.
  • Different types of tutorial sessions based on student needs:
    • Feedback sessions.
    • Problem-solving activities.
    • Questioning techniques.
    • Collaborative discussions.
    • Content knowledge exploration.
• Organizational Diversity:
  • Tutorials are organized independently by different programs and divisions.
  • Tutors tailor sessions according to their students' specific needs.

Authority and Knowledge in AI

• Key Discussion Points:
  • Questioned who holds authority and expertise in the rapidly evolving field of AI.
  • Considered the challenges of making recommendations in a new and developing area.
  • Noted that AI's disruptive impact is comparable to significant events like Brexit and COVID-19.
  • Highlighted the difficulty in identifying reliable authorities on AI.

Experience Using AI in Tutorials

• Learning Pathways Development:
  • Developed during the pandemic to integrate AI tools into teaching.
  • Utilized platforms like Canvas and Microsoft Teams.
  • Integrated ChatGPT at different stages:
    • Knowledge application.
    • Online and in-class collaboration.
    • Personalized learning experiences.
• Example from Language Center Tutor:
  • Applied the learning pathway structure in tutorials.
  • Included ChatGPT in various learning stages for enhanced interaction.
  • Both tutor and student engaged with ChatGPT during sessions.
• Student Feedback:
  • Students appreciated tutor support while working with ChatGPT.
  • Valued the collaborative process involving AI tools.

Enhancing Critical Thinking with AI

• Central Question: Is critical thinking the answer to effectively utilizing generative AI?
• Approach:
  • Aimed to use AI tools to support analysis, evaluation, decision-making, and reflection.
  • Sought to familiarize students with AI to enhance critical engagement.

Implementing ChatGPT in Psychology Tutorials

• Methods:
  • Introduced ChatGPT to students unfamiliar with the tool.
  • Used ChatGPT during one-on-one tutorial sessions.
  • Observed students' interactions, focusing on prompt engineering.
  • Assigned tasks such as designing a curriculum or preparing a lecture.
• Observations:
  • Students' prompting styles varied based on personality.
  • Language used in prompts included:
    • Imperative commands (e.g., "Write me a university-level...").
    • Polite requests (e.g., "Hello, can you please...").
    • Directives specifying roles (e.g., "I want you to be an expert...").
  • Noted that prompting language mirrored students' personalities.

Developing an AI Competency Framework

• Inspiration: Based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages.
• Competency Levels: Ranged from novice to expert users.
• Five Modes of Engagement:
  • Tool Selection: Choosing appropriate AI tools.
  • Prompting Techniques: Crafting effective prompts.
  • Interpreting Outcomes: Understanding AI-generated responses.
  • Integrating AI: Applying AI in professional practice.
  • Tool Development: Making decisions about AI tool development.
• Self-Evaluation Tool:
  • Created for students and staff to assess their AI proficiency.
  • Helps identify current competency level before engaging with AI tools.

Proposed Framework for Tutorials

• Integration of ChatGPT:
  • Recommended using ChatGPT as a companion in tutorial sessions.
  • Applicable across various session types (feedback, problem-solving, etc.).
• Implementation Process:
  • Self-Evaluation:
    • Students assess their initial proficiency with AI.
    • Facilitates personalized support from the tutor.
  • Prompting Practice:
    • Focus on developing effective communication with AI.
    • Emphasizes the importance of prompt language and structure.
  • Reflection and Awareness:
    • Encourage students to document their AI interaction process.
    • Discuss successes and areas for improvement.
  • Self-Monitoring:
    • Promote autonomy in controlling AI usage.
    • Foster critical thinking about AI's role in learning.
• Objective:
  • Enhance critical thinking skills.
  • Empower students to use AI tools effectively and responsibly.

Student Perspective

Quote: Emphasized taking control over AI tools rather than allowing AI to dictate the learning process.

Insight: Highlights the importance of maintaining critical oversight when using AI.

Ongoing Work

• Canvas Course Development:
  • Creating online resources for academics and students.
  • Aimed at educating users about AI integration in learning.
  • Courses are currently under development and not yet widely available.

Conclusion

• Acknowledgments:
  • Thanked the audience for their attention.
  • Noted that the proposed framework is a starting point for discussion.
• Future Considerations:
  • Recognized the need for ongoing dialogue about AI's role in education.
  • Invited feedback and collaboration to refine approaches.

Note: The presenters emphasized that the framework and recommendations are preliminary and subject to further refinement based on collective input and evolving understanding of AI in educational contexts.