AI and Academic Libraries: Enhancing Student Research and Information Literacy

Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolutionizes academic libraries and how students approach research. In this insightful discussion, experts from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's library faculty, Kate Gansky and Heidi Anzano, along with other academic leaders, explored how AI shapes the landscape of student research and information literacy. This article comprehensively summarizes their discussion and how AI improves, disrupts, and evolves the academic research environment.

Introduction: The Impact of AI on Academic Libraries

The panel opened by introducing the increasing integration of AI into academic settings, particularly libraries. It focused on the potential of AI tools, such as language models, to reshape information-seeking behaviors and research strategies for students and faculty. The primary emphasis was on information literacy—how students locate, evaluate, and synthesize information—and the ethical implications of AI's growing influence in these areas.

AI's Role in Student Research

Students use AI to assist with tasks such as brainstorming research topics, generating outlines, and summarizing academic texts. These tools help students navigate vast amounts of information more efficiently, especially in disciplines where data overload is challenging.

• Practical Applications: AI tools help students identify keywords, create outlines, and even quiz themselves on material in preparation for exams. Some students use AI to summarize complex chapters and refine their understanding of critical concepts.
• Critical Thinking: While AI is helpful in many areas, Gansky and Anzano emphasized that students must continue to develop their critical thinking skills. AI is only as valuable as the prompts given, and students need to learn how to ask the right questions and evaluate the quality of AI-generated content.

Ethical Considerations of AI in Libraries

A major topic of discussion was the ethical concerns surrounding AI in academic libraries. As AI becomes more integrated into research tools, questions about data privacy and intellectual property ownership are increasingly relevant. Many AI tools "learn" by using vast amounts of data, raising concerns about how student and researcher data is collected, stored, and used.

• Ethical Use of AI Tools: Students and faculty need to be aware of the moral implications of using AI tools, especially regarding data collection and how AI-generated content is being used and shared.
• Intellectual Property: There is concern over how AI tools may replicate or distort academic work, especially when generating content or summarizing research. This has implications for academic integrity and the proper citation of AI-generated material.
• Bias and Misinformation: Another critical ethical issue is the potential for AI to perpetuate biases and misinformation. AI tools are only as good as the data they are trained on, and if the source material needs to be revised, the output will reflect those shortcomings.
• AI Hallucinations: As noted in the discussion, AI systems can produce errors, known as "hallucinations," where the generated information is incorrect or misleading. This is especially important for students to recognize when relying on AI tools for research.
• Addressing Bias: Academic institutions must remain vigilant in training students to critically evaluate AI-generated content and recognize when biases might influence their research.

Critical Areas of Focus:

1. Information Literacy: Understanding the evolving nature of information sources in an AI-driven world.
2. AI as a Research Tool: Examining the practical use of AI in assisting students with research tasks.
3. Challenges and Ethical Considerations: Addressing the ethical issues related to AI, such as bias, privacy, and intellectual property.

AI Tools and Research Strategies

Gansky and Anzano highlighted how AI is changing information discovery in academic libraries. AI enhances traditional cataloging and metadata generation, allowing for more intuitive and conversational search mechanisms. AI-driven tools like language models and enhanced search engines are designed to improve information retrieval. However, students still need to understand the biases and limitations of these tools.

• AI in Search Engines: AI tools embedded in platforms like JStor now offer conversational discovery, allowing students to engage with research databases more effectively, much like they would with popular AI tools like ChatGPT.
• Metadata and Cataloging: AI automates backend processes, making information more accessible, but students need to be mindful of the data sources and any biases inherent in these systems.

Conclusion: Navigating AI in Academic Research

The panel concluded by emphasizing that AI is a valuable tool for enhancing research and information literacy but has challenges. It stressed the importance of faculty and students working together to ensure that AI is used responsibly and effectively. Librarians play a crucial role in guiding students to think critically about AI tools and to use them to enhance learning rather than replace human effort.

As AI continues to evolve, academic libraries and universities must adapt by developing new research frameworks that integrate AI while preserving the core values of scholarly inquiry,